Prakash Mulani

Prakash Mulani is a legal practitioner in Singapore. With documented cases from 2001 to 2021. The lawyer has handled 18 cases in Singapore's courts. Associated with 4 law firms. The lawyer demonstrates particular expertise in civil practice and breach of contract. Their track record shows a 33.0% success rate in resolved cases. They have managed 6 complex cases, representing 33% of their total caseload.

Areas of Practice and Expertise

Prakash Mulani has demonstrated expertise across 66 primary practice areas, with significant experience in contract law and company law.

Practice Area	Case Volume	Distribution	Expertise Level	Description
Contract Law	11 cases	10% of total caseload	Experienced57% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 11 cases which represents 10% of their total caseload.
Company Law	7 cases	6% of total caseload	Experienced55% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 7 cases which represents 6% of their total caseload.
Commercial Disputes	6 cases	5% of total caseload	General Practice36% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 6 cases which represents 5% of their total caseload.
Estoppel	4 cases	4% of total caseload	General Practice43% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 4 cases which represents 4% of their total caseload.
Banking and Finance	4 cases	4% of total caseload	General Practice48% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 4 cases which represents 4% of their total caseload.
Civil Practice	4 cases	4% of total caseload	Highly Specialized85% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 4 cases which represents 4% of their total caseload.
Arbitration	4 cases	4% of total caseload	Experienced70% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 4 cases which represents 4% of their total caseload.
Breach of Contract	4 cases	4% of total caseload	Highly Specialized76% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 4 cases which represents 4% of their total caseload.
Minority Oppression	3 cases	3% of total caseload	Experienced73% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 3 cases which represents 3% of their total caseload.
International Arbitration Act	3 cases	3% of total caseload	Highly Specialized82% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 3 cases which represents 3% of their total caseload.
Bankruptcy	2 cases	2% of total caseload	Experienced63% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 2 cases which represents 2% of their total caseload.
Jurisdiction	2 cases	2% of total caseload	Experienced60% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 2 cases which represents 2% of their total caseload.
Costs	2 cases	2% of total caseload	Experienced65% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 2 cases which represents 2% of their total caseload.
Summary Judgement	2 cases	2% of total caseload	General Practice30% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 2 cases which represents 2% of their total caseload.
Civil Procedure	2 cases	2% of total caseload	Experienced50% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 2 cases which represents 2% of their total caseload.
Litigation	1 cases	1% of total caseload	General Practice20% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Performance Bonds	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced70% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Property Law	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized75% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Security for Costs	1 cases	1% of total caseload	General Practice40% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Winding Up	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced60% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Unconscionability	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced60% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Fiduciary Duties	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized85% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Inducement of Breach of Contract	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized80% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Conspiracy by Unlawful Means	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced70% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Termination	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced50% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Evidence Law	1 cases	1% of total caseload	General Practice30% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
International Commercial Arbitration	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized90% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Natural justice	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced60% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Criminal Procedure	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced50% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Foreign arbitral award	1 cases	1% of total caseload	General Practice40% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced60% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Director's Duties	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced65% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Legal Profession Act	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized90% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Trust Law	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized90% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Lifting corporate veil	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized80% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Defamation	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized90% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Companies Act	1 cases	1% of total caseload	General Practice40% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Evidence	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced60% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Shareholders Agreement	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced65% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Submission to Jurisdiction	1 cases	1% of total caseload	General Practice20% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Guarantee	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized75% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Show cause action	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced70% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
UNCITRAL Model Law	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized80% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Procedural Law	1 cases	1% of total caseload	General Practice20% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Guarantees and indemnities	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized85% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Shipbuilding Contract	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized80% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Refund Guarantees	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized90% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Account Mandate	1 cases	1% of total caseload	General Practice40% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Gas Supply Agreement	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced70% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Disciplinary Action	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized80% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Admiralty and Maritime Law	1 cases	1% of total caseload	General Practice20% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Call and Put Option Agreement	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced65% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Asset Recovery	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced50% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Banking Law	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced70% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Banking Litigation	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced70% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Building and Construction Contracts	1 cases	1% of total caseload	General Practice30% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Business Litigation	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced50% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Commercial Law	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced50% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Corporate Governance	1 cases	1% of total caseload	General Practice40% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Corporate Law	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced60% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Corporate Litigation	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced60% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Credit and Security	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized80% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Criminal Law	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Experienced60% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated substantial experience and regular engagementin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized85% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
International Trade	1 cases	1% of total caseload	General Practice30% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated general practice experiencein this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.
Landlord and Tenant Law	1 cases	1% of total caseload	Highly Specialized90% relevance score	Prakash Mulani has demonstrated deep specialization and significant involvement in complex mattersin this area, handling 1 cases which represents 1% of their total caseload.

Law Firm Affiliations

Prakash Mulani has been affiliated with 4 law firms. The most active affiliation involves 6 cases.

Law Firm	Cases Handled	Workload Share	Recent Cases
M&A Law Corporation	6 cases	33% of cases	NCL Housing v Sea-Shore Transportation: Enforceability of Personal Guarantees & Oral Agreements(Feb 2021) Master Marine AS v Labroy Offshore Ltd: Refund Guarantees & Shipbuilding Contract Dispute(Apr 2012) Purcell v Singapore Flyer: Director's Removal and Inspection Rights under Companies Act(May 2010)
M & A Law Corporation	5 cases	28% of cases	Nanyang Law LLC v Alphomega Research Group Ltd: Security for Costs and Piercing the Corporate Veil(Sep 2012) Giuffrida Luigi v Julius Baer: Proof of Debt Rejection & Account Transfer Dispute(Mar 2010) Ang Meng Lee v Ng Siam Khui: Trust, Property Ownership & Fiduciary Duty Dispute(Nov 2008)
M and A Law Corporation	4 cases	22% of cases	PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia v Dexia Bank: Setting Aside Arbitral Award for Jurisdictional Conflict(Oct 2005) Chong Hon Kuan Ivan v Levy Maurice: Case Management of Overlapping Actions(Jan 2005) Chong Hon Kuan Ivan v Levy Maurice: Conspiracy to Induce Breach of Contract & Director Liability(Sep 2004)
J Koh & Co	3 cases	17% of cases	Publicis Group v Chong Hon Kuan: Enforcing Call and Put Option Agreement(Feb 2003) KLW Holdings v SPH: Newspaper Rule & Pre-Trial Discovery in Libel Suit(Jul 2002) Tong Keng Meng v Inno-Pacific: Proxy Voting, Oppression, and Directors' Removal at EOGM(Oct 2001)

Case Complexity Analysis

Analysis of Prakash Mulani's case complexity based on the number of parties involved and case characteristics.

Complexity Overview

Average Parties per Case: 4.6
Complex Cases: 6 (33%); Cases with more than 3 parties

Complexity by Case Type

Type	Cases	Avg Parties	Distribution
Lost	92.8 parties avg	2.8	50%
Neutral	27.0 parties avg	7.0	11%
Withdrawn	13.0 parties avg	3.0	6%
Won	65.1 parties avg	5.1	33%

Complexity Trends Over Time

Year	Cases	Average Parties
2001	13.0 parties avg	3.0
2002	12.0 parties avg	2.0
2003	44.4 parties avg	4.4
2004	17.0 parties avg	7.0
2005	27.0 parties avg	7.0
2006	12.0 parties avg	2.0
2008	13.0 parties avg	3.0
2009	13.0 parties avg	3.0
2010	33.3 parties avg	3.3
2012	24.0 parties avg	4.0
2021	14.0 parties avg	4.0

Case Outcome Analytics

Analysis of Prakash Mulani's case outcomes, including distribution by type, yearly trends, and monetary outcomes where applicable.

Outcome Distribution

Outcome Type	Cases	Percentage
Lost	9(50%)	50%
Neutral	2(11%)	11%
Withdrawn	1(6%)	6%
Won	6(33%)	33%

Monetary Outcomes

Currency	Total Amount	Average	Cases
SGD	4,775,403.54	434,127.5911 cases	11

Yearly Outcome Trends

Year	Total Cases	Outcome Distribution
2001	1 1	Lost: 1 cases (100.0%)
2002	1 1	Lost: 1 cases (100.0%)
2003	4 13	Neutral: 1 cases (25.0%) Won: 3 cases (75.0%)
2004	1 1	Won: 1 cases (100.0%)
2005	2 11	Lost: 1 cases (50.0%) Neutral: 1 cases (50.0%)
2006	1 1	Lost: 1 cases (100.0%)
2008	1 1	Lost: 1 cases (100.0%)
2009	1 1	Lost: 1 cases (100.0%)
2010	3 21	Lost: 2 cases (66.7%) Won: 1 cases (33.3%)
2012	2 11	Lost: 1 cases (50.0%) Withdrawn: 1 cases (50.0%)
2021	1 1	Won: 1 cases (100.0%)

Case History

Displaying all 18 cases

No.	Case	Decision Date	Party & Outcome
1	NCL Housing v Sea-Shore Transportation: Enforceability of Personal Guarantees & Oral Agreements 10 Feb 2021 NCL Housing Pte Ltd (Plaintiff)Won	10 Feb 2021	NCL Housing Pte Ltd (Plaintiff): Judgment for PlaintiffJudgment for the plaintiff in the amount of $4,774,303.54, plus further contractual interest at 10% per annum from 18 March 2019 to payment (assumed SGD, as the judgment originates from Singapore).
2	Nanyang Law LLC v Alphomega Research Group Ltd: Security for Costs and Piercing the Corporate Veil 09 Sep 2012 Alphomega Research Group Ltd (Plaintiff)Withdrawn	09 Sep 2012	Alphomega Research Group Ltd (Plaintiff): Leave was granted to Alphomega to withdraw its counterclaimAlphomega was granted leave to withdraw its counterclaim (assumed SGD, as the judgment originates from Singapore).
3	Master Marine AS v Labroy Offshore Ltd: Refund Guarantees & Shipbuilding Contract Dispute 17 Apr 2012 Labroy Offshore Ltd (Respondent)Lost	17 Apr 2012	Labroy Offshore Ltd (Respondent): Appeal DismissedAppeal dismissed, injunction restraining the Banks from making payment to Master Marine AS under the New Demand discharged. Assumed SGD as the judgment originates from Singapore.
4	Purcell v Singapore Flyer: Director's Removal and Inspection Rights under Companies Act 20 May 2010 Singapore Flyer Pte Ltd (Defendant)Won	20 May 2010	Singapore Flyer Pte Ltd (Defendant): Application dismissedThe application against the first defendant was dismissed with costs.
5	Giuffrida Luigi v Julius Baer: Proof of Debt Rejection & Account Transfer Dispute 28 Mar 2010 Giuffrida Luigi (Plaintiff)Lost	28 Mar 2010	Giuffrida Luigi (Plaintiff): Claim DismissedPlaintiff's action was dismissed, and he was ordered to pay half of the costs.
6	Sui Southern Gas v Habibullah Coastal Power: Gas Supply Agreement Dispute 22 Feb 2010 Sui Southern Gas Co Ltd (Plaintiff)Lost	22 Feb 2010	Sui Southern Gas Co Ltd (Plaintiff): Application DismissedApplication to set aside the arbitration award was dismissed, with costs to be paid to the defendant. Assumed SGD as the judgment was delivered in Singapore.
7	Faber Image Media v Patrician Holdings: Sub-Tenancy Dispute Over Boat Quay Premises 12 Jan 2009 Faber Image Media Pte Ltd (Plaintiff)Lost	12 Jan 2009	Faber Image Media Pte Ltd (Plaintiff): Claim dismissedThe plaintiff's claim for breach of sublease was dismissed.
8	Ang Meng Lee v Ng Siam Khui: Trust, Property Ownership & Fiduciary Duty Dispute 27 Nov 2008 Ang Meng Lee (Plaintiff)Lost	27 Nov 2008	Ang Meng Lee (Plaintiff): Claim DismissedPlaintiff's claim was dismissed with costs.
9	PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia v Dexia Bank: Setting Aside Arbitral Award & Public Policy 30 Nov 2006 PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia (Persero) (Appellant)Lost	30 Nov 2006	PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia (Persero) (Appellant): Appeal DismissedThe appeal to set aside the arbitral award was dismissed.
10	PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia v Dexia Bank: Setting Aside Arbitral Award for Jurisdictional Conflict 19 Oct 2005 PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia (Persero) (Applicant)Lost	19 Oct 2005	PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia (Persero) (Applicant): Motion dismissedThe applicant's motion to set aside the arbitration award was dismissed with costs. Assumed SGD as the judgment originates from Singapore.
11	Chong Hon Kuan Ivan v Levy Maurice: Case Management of Overlapping Actions 24 Jan 2005 Publicis Groupe SA (Defendant, Plaintiff)Neutral	24 Jan 2005	Publicis Groupe SA (Defendant, Plaintiff): OtherOrder made regarding sequence of actions and admission of evidence.
12	Chong Hon Kuan Ivan v Levy Maurice: Conspiracy to Induce Breach of Contract & Director Liability 27 Sep 2004 Levy Maurice (Defendant)Won	27 Sep 2004	Levy Maurice (Defendant): Judgment for DefendantJudgment in favor of the first defendant, Levy Maurice.
13	Chong Hon Kuan Ivan v Levy Maurice: Oppression of Minority Shareholders & Directors' Conduct 03 Dec 2003 Salomon Salto (Defendant)Won	03 Dec 2003	Salomon Salto (Defendant): Appeal dismissedAppeal dismissed with costs in the cause. (Assumed SGD, as the judgment originates from Singapore).
14	Sia Leng Yuen v Ko Chun Shun Johnson: Appeal on Costs Order in Bankruptcy Proceedings 29 Aug 2003 Sia Leng Yuen also known as Xie Ning Yun (Applicant, Respondent)Won	29 Aug 2003	Sia Leng Yuen also known as Xie Ning Yun (Applicant, Respondent): Appeal AllowedAppeal allowed with costs of $1,100. The escrow provision in the order below was set aside. Assumed SGD as the judgment originates from Singapore.
15	Law Society v Wong Sin Yee: Show Cause Action for Criminal Offence and Fitness for Legal Profession 12 Aug 2003 Law Society of Singapore (Applicant)Won	12 Aug 2003	Law Society of Singapore (Applicant): Order absoluteThe Law Society's application to make absolute the show cause order was granted.
16	Publicis Group v Chong Hon Kuan: Enforcing Call and Put Option Agreement 27 Feb 2003 Publicis Group SA (Plaintiff)Neutral	27 Feb 2003	Publicis Group SA (Plaintiff): Proceedings to continue as if begun by writThe court ordered that the proceedings continue as if the cause or matter had been begun by writ.
17	KLW Holdings v SPH: Newspaper Rule & Pre-Trial Discovery in Libel Suit 15 Jul 2002 KLW Holdings Ltd (Appellant, Plaintiff)Lost	15 Jul 2002	KLW Holdings Ltd (Appellant, Plaintiff): Appeal DismissedAppeal dismissed; KLW's application for pre-trial discovery was denied. Assumed SGD as the judgment originates from Singapore.
18	Tong Keng Meng v Inno-Pacific: Proxy Voting, Oppression, and Directors' Removal at EOGM 02 Oct 2001 Tong Keng Meng (Plaintiff)Lost	02 Oct 2001	Tong Keng Meng (Plaintiff): Claim DismissedPlaintiff's claim was dismissed with costs (assumed SGD, as the judgment originates from Singapore).